#Images of the england flag pro#

By 1300, there was also a greater 'banner of St George', but not yet in a prominent function the king used it among several banners of saints alongside the royal banner. Perrin concludes from this that the introduction of the Cross of St George as a 'national emblem' is originally due to Edward I.

#Images of the england flag pro#

Perrin notes a roll of accounts from 1277 where the purchase of cloth for the king's tailor is identified as destined for the manufacture of a large number of pennoncels (pennons attached to lances) and bracers (worn by archers on their left forearms) 'of the arms of Saint George' for the use by the king's foot soldiers ( pro peditibus regis). Red crosses seem to have been used as a distinguishing mark worn by English soldiers from the reign of Edward I (1270s), or perhaps slightly earlier, in the Battle of Evesham of 1265, using a red cross on their uniforms to distinguish themselves from the white crosses used by the rebel barons at the Battle of Lewes a year earlier. This idea can be traced to the Victorian era, Perrin (1922) refers to it as a 'common belief', and it is still popularly repeated today even though it cannot be substantiated as historical.

There was a historiographical tradition claiming that Richard the Lionheart himself adopted both the flag and the patron saint from the Republic of Genoa at some point during his crusade. It is thus not clear at what point the English exchanged the white cross for the red-on-white one. Thirteenth-century authorities are unanimous on the point that the English king adopted the white cross, and the French king the red one (and not vice versa as suggested by later use). In 1188 Henry II of England and Philip II of France agreed to go on a crusade, and that Henry would use a white cross and Philip a red cross. The Tudor navy carrack Henry Grace Г Dieu (launched 1514) as depicted in the 1546 Anthony Roll, with St George's Cross displayed on the streamers.